Frequently Asked Questions

Varicose veins should be treated by a vascular specialist or a doctor with expertise in vein disorders. A vascular surgeon is a highly trained specialist in diagnosing and treating conditions affecting the arteries and veins. Dr. Soroush Sohrabi is a highly qualified vascular surgeon (UK-CCT) with extensive expertise in diagnosing and treating vein conditions, including varicose veins. Please contact us for further information.

Varicose veins are enlarged blood vessels that bulge just beneath the skin's surface. They can vary in size and are typically blue or purple in colour. These veins become enlarged due to the weakening of vein walls and the poor functioning of the valves inside the veins (incompetent valves) and venous insufficiency. Varicose veins are often more noticeable when standing up and may disappear when lying down. This is because gravity causes the leg veins to fill with blood when standing, making them more visible. Varicose veins commonly occur in the lower half of the body, particularly in the legs. Some patients may also develop them in the hip or pelvic region.

Your heart pumps oxygen- and nutrient-rich blood through the arteries to various parts of your body, including your legs. For circulation to be complete, this blood must return to the heart and lungs for re-oxygenation via the veins. However, unlike the arteries, the veins in your legs do not have a built-in pump like the heart. Instead, blood must travel upwards against gravity, which naturally pulls it back down. The movement of blood from the legs relies on the action of your leg muscles. When you walk or move, your muscles contract, squeezing the veins and pushing blood upward. To prevent backflow when the muscles relax, one-way valves within the veins close, ensuring blood moves in the right direction. If these valves become damaged or weakened, they can no longer prevent blood from flowing backward. This results in blood pooling in the veins, increasing pressure, and causing them to enlarge—leading to varicose veins. This condition, known as "venous insufficiency", is the primary cause of varicose veins.

Age, gender, job/lifestyle excess weight, pregnancy, deep vein thrombosis, family history can all be risk factors for varicose veins. For further information, please read the varicose veins risk factor page.

While some people may develop varicose veins without a family history, genetics often play a significant role. Please see the list of risk factors for varicose veins.

Varicose veins are often hereditary, making prevention difficult. However, maintaining a healthy weight, staying active, and quitting smoking can help manage symptoms. If you have concerns about your varicose veins or any related discomfort, consulting a doctor is recommended for proper evaluation and treatment options. if you are concerned please contact us for further advice.

While visible veins on your feet can be normal, especially if you have fair skin, low body fat, or spend long periods standing, varicose veins and spider veins (thread veins) may indicate underlying venous insufficiency. If you have any concerns, please contact us for further advice and guidance.

While visible veins on your feet can be normal, especially if you have fair skin, low body fat, or spend long periods standing, they can also be a sign of venous insufficiency. One condition associated with venous insufficiency is corona phlebectatica, which causes visible veins around the ankle.

Standing for long periods can make it more difficult for blood to return to the heart due to gravity, increasing pressure in the leg veins. While this added strain can worsen symptoms of varicose veins and spider veins (thread veins), standing alone does not directly cause them. If your job or daily routine involves prolonged standing, taking regular movement breaks, elevating your legs when possible, and wearing compression stockings can help improve circulation and minimize discomfort.

Yes, varicose veins can cause leg pain. Many people with varicose veins experience symptoms such as: Aching or throbbing pain in the legs Heaviness and fatigue, especially after standing for long periods Burning or cramping sensations Swelling around the ankles Itching or discomfort near the affected veins Varicose veins develop when the vein valves weaken, causing blood to pool in the legs, increasing pressure and leading to discomfort. In some cases, varicose veins can contribute to more serious conditions like chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) or venous ulcers. If you're experiencing persistent leg pain along with visible veins, it's best to contact us for medical advice and to discuss treatment options.

In superficial thrombophlebitis a clot forms in a vein close to the skin, leading to redness, swelling, and tenderness. While superficial blood clots are usually not dangerous, they can sometimes indicate an underlying issue with vein circulation. In rare cases, varicose veins may be associated with a more serious condition called deep vein thrombosis (DVT), where a clot forms in a deeper vein. DVT can be dangerous if the clot travels to the lungs, causing a pulmonary embolism (PE). Signs of DVT include: Swelling in one leg Pain or tenderness in the calf or thigh Warmth and redness in the affected area If you have varicose veins and experience sudden swelling, pain, or skin discolouration, seek medical attention immediately.

Yes, varicose veins can contribute to eczema on the legs. This condition is known as venous eczema or stasis dermatitis, and it occurs due to increased pressure in the veins and venous insufficiency. When blood pools in the lower legs due to weakened vein valves, it can cause inflammation, leading to: Itchy, dry, or scaly skin Redness and irritation Swelling around the ankles Skin discolouration (brownish patches over time) A doppler ultrasound of the leg veins can identify if you venous insufficiency.

Yes! Walking and exercise help push blood from your legs back to your heart, reducing blood pooling and improving circulation. This can help alleviate symptoms of varicose veins, such as swelling, discomfort, and heaviness in the legs. Regular movement strengthens the calf muscles, which act as a natural pump to support healthy blood flow. Read more

Pregnancy does not directly cause varicose veins; however, increased blood volume and hormonal changes can exacerbate existing varicose veins, leading to increased visibility and discomfort. It is advisable to treat vein issues before pregnancy to help minimise discomfort and prevent potential complications. Reed more about varicose veins

Varicose veins often become more noticeable and uncomfortable during pregnancy due to increased blood volume, hormonal changes, and pressure from the growing uterus. However, most medical treatments for varicose veins are not recommended during pregnancy. Ways to Manage Symptoms: Wear compression stockings to improve circulation and reduce swelling. Stay active with regular walking and light exercise to prevent blood from pooling in the legs. Elevate your legs whenever possible to reduce pressure on the veins and promote better blood flow. Sleep on your left side to help relieve pressure on major veins. Maintain hydration and a healthy diet to support circulation and vein health. When to Seek Medical Advice: If you experience severe pain, swelling, skin changes, or signs of a blood clot, consult a vascular specialist. Post-Pregnancy Treatment: It is recommended to wait at least three months after delivery before undergoing varicose vein treatment. If you need sclerotherapy and are breastfeeding, you may need to either wait until breastfeeding has stopped or express and discard milk for 24 hours after treatment, as the chemicals used in the procedure could be harmful to the baby. If you have varicose veins or venous insufficiency and are planning for pregnancy, consulting a vascular specialist beforehand can help with preventive care and management options.

​Spider veins (thread veins) and reticular veins are another type of venous disease. They are thinner and smaller than varicose veins. Spider veins may look like branches of a tree or spider webs. They can appear red or blue in colour and most often seen behind the knee, feet and on the face. Spider veins and reticular veins are usually associated with underlying vein problems.

Yes! Many people with spider veins, even if they don’t have visible bulging varicose veins, may have underlying venous insufficiency. Treating spider veins without addressing the underlying cause can lead to a higher chance of recurrence and may increase the risk of complications. A Doppler ultrasound can evaluate vein valve function and help create an effective treatment plan.

The first step in assessing vein health is a Doppler ultrasound of your leg veins to determine whether venous insufficiency is present. If diagnosed, treatment of superficial venous insufficiency is required using advanced methods such as laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, or Clarivein® to effectively address the underlying issue. If there is no superficial venous insufficiency, then sclerotherapy alone can be performed to treat spider veins (thread veins) safely and effectively. The second phase focuses on treating spider veins with sclerotherapy, ensuring optimal results. At Dr. Soroush Sohrabi's clinics in Dubai all treatments are carried out as day-case procedures, allowing patients to walk in, receive treatment, and walk out the same day without the need for a hospital stay.

Yes, varicose veins can cause leg swelling (edema), especially in the lower legs and ankles. This occurs due to increased pressure in the veins, and venous insufficiency, leading to fluid buildup in the surrounding tissues.

Leg edema refers to swelling in the legs caused by fluid accumulation in the tissues. It can result from various conditions, including heart failure, kidney disease, lymphedema, lipedema, and venous insufficiency. One common cause is varicose veins, where poor blood flow increases pressure in the veins, leading to fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues. Identifying the underlying cause is crucial for effective treatment, which may include compression therapy to support circulation and varicose vein treatments to address venous insufficiency. It is essential to see a doctor if you have leg edema to ensure appropriate investigations are conducted and the correct treatment is provided.

Yes, treating varicose veins can help reduce leg swelling (edema), if the swelling is caused by venous insufficiency. When varicose veins impair blood flow, pressure builds up in the veins, leading to fluid leakage into the surrounding tissues, causing swelling.

Lipedema is a chronic condition causing the abnormal build-up of fat, mainly in the legs, thighs, buttocks, and sometimes the arms, while sparing the hands and feet. Its cause is unknown, but it often leads to painful, swollen limbs, easy bruising, and sensitivity. Over time, it can worsen, affecting mobility and increasing the risk of venous insufficiency. Treating varicose veins and venous insufficiency in individuals with lipedema is important, as it helps improve circulation, reduce swelling, and prevent complications, ultimately supporting better leg health and relieving discomfort.

Hidden varicose veins refer to a condition where faulty veins are present inside the legs but are not visibly bulging on the skin’s surface. Research suggests that 9-20% of adults may have this condition, experiencing varicose vein symptoms without the typical visible signs. This occurs when the valves inside the veins fail, leading to blood leakage and poor circulation. Just like visible varicose veins, hidden varicose veins can cause discomfort and may require treatment to relieve symptoms and prevent complications. If you experience leg swelling, skin discolouration, itchiness, fatigue, or pain without visible varicose veins, you may be suffering from hidden varicose veins. ​

​​​Visible Bulging Veins or Spider Veins Often unsightly and noticeable under the skin.​ Leg Swelling May cause a throbbing or heavy sensation.​ Pain and Heaviness in the Legs Typically worsens after physical activity.​ Leg Fatigue and Tiredness Persistent feelings of exhaustion in the legs.​ Skin Itchiness and Venous Eczema Irritated, dry, or inflamed skin around affected veins.​ Muscle Cramps Frequent cramping, especially at night. ​​​Skin Discolouration Ranges from mild changes to dark pigmentation and scarring.​ Thrombophlebitis Inflammation and swelling of the vein, often due to a blood clot.​ Venous Ulcers Open sores or ulcers, especially in advanced cases.​ Bleeding Spontaneous bleeding or bleeding with minimal injury due to fragile veins.​ Restless Leg symptoms An uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by discomfort.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a condition characterised by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, often accompanied by unpleasant sensations such as tingling, itching, or a crawling feeling. These symptoms typically worsen during periods of rest or inactivity, especially in the evening or at night, and are temporarily relieved by movement. This condition can significantly affect sleep quality and daily life, making early diagnosis and management important. ​The exact cause of RLS is not always clear, but it can be related to factors such as iron deficiency, nerve disorders. Varicose veins can contribute to symptoms similar to Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS), although they are not a direct cause of the condition. In cases where these restless sensations are linked to venous insufficiency. Varicose vein treatment can significantly relieve the symptoms. You may also have hidden varicose veins without visible bulging varicose veins or spider veins, which can lead to restless leg syndrome due to underlying venous insufficiency.

Lymphoedema is a chronic condition causing persistent swelling in the arms or legs due to a build-up of lymphatic fluid when the drainage system is damaged or blocked. It can be primary (from congenital issues) or secondary (due to surgery, infection, or injury).

Yes spider veins thread veins are the same

The exact cause of thread veins, also known as spider veins, is not always well understood. However, genetics play a major role. Several risk factors can contribute to an increased likelihood of developing thread veins. Genetics and family history A family history of spider veins increases the likelihood of developing them. Venous insufficiency and varicose veins Individuals with venous insufficiency and varicose veins are more likely to develop thread veins (spider veins). Impaired vein function and increased pressure within the veins can cause these small, visible blood vessels to form on the skin’s surface. Over time, weakened vein valves and blood pooling contribute to both varicose veins and thread veins, especially in the legs and ankles. Addressing venous insufficiency early c an help minimise the risk of thread veins developing. Hidden varicose veins Individuals with hidden varicose veins can develop thread veins even without visible varicose veins. In some cases, they may also experience symptoms such as leg swelling, fatigue, and heaviness without noticeable bulging veins. This occurs due to underlying venous insufficiency, where weakened vein valves cause blood to pool, leading to discomfort and the formation of thread veins on the skin’s surface. A Doppler ultrasound can help diagnose hidden varicose veins and guide appropriate treatment. Aging As veins weaken over time, valves become less efficient, leading to blood pooling and vein dilation. Skin thins with age, making spider veins more visible. Hormonal changes Pregnancy, puberty, and menopause can weaken vein walls due to hormonal fluctuations. Use of oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can also increase the risk. Smoking Smoking damages blood vessels and increase the risk of developing thread veins. Sun exposure Ultraviolet (UV) rays can weaken collagen and damage blood vessels, particularly on the face and legs. In fair-skinned individuals, prolonged sun exposure can make veins more visible, further contributing to the development of thread veins. Prolong sitting and standing, lifestyle, job Movement supports healthy blood flow, while prolonged sitting can slow circulation. On the other hand, standing for long periods makes it harder for blood to flow upward, as it must work against gravity. injury and trauma Previous leg injuries, surgeries, or deep bruising can damage veins, leading to thread vein formation. Obesity and body fat distribution Excess weight adds pressure to the veins, increasing the likelihood of developing spider veins. Conversely, lower body fat levels can make thread veins more prominent and visible on the skin.

Thread veins may indicate underlying venous insufficiency, a condition that can lead to skin discolouration, leg swelling, fatigue, and even the development of ulcers (sores). Individuals with chronic venous insufficiency may also experience symptoms such as restless leg , which can cause discomfort and disrupted sleep. A Doppler ultrasound is an effective diagnostic tool to determine whether venous insufficiency is present and guide appropriate treatment.

There are various effective treatments for varicose veins, ranging from minimally invasive procedures to surgical interventions, depending on the severity of the condition. 1. Minimally Invasive Treatments (Preferred Options) These modern techniques effectively close faulty veins with minimal discomfort and downtime: Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA/EVLT) – Uses laser energy to seal the affected vein. Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) – Utilizes heat from radiofrequency waves to close the vein. Clarivein® (Mechanochemical Ablation) – A combination of mechanical and chemical treatment to seal veins with minimal discomfort. Foam Sclerotherapy – Involves injecting a specialized foam solution into the vein to collapse and seal it. 2. Surgical Treatments (For Advanced Cases) For larger or more complex varicose veins, surgical options may be considered: Phlebectomy (Microphlebectomy) – Removes smaller varicose veins through tiny incisions. Ligation & Stripping (Rarely Used Today) – A traditional surgical method for removing larger varicose veins, though now largely replaced by minimally invasive techniques. 3. Conservative Management (Symptom Relief) While these methods do not eliminate varicose veins, they can help manage symptoms: Compression Stockings – Improve circulation and reduce swelling. Lifestyle Adjustments – Regular exercise, maintaining a healthy weight, and elevating the legs can ease discomfort. Medications & Supplements – Some treatments may help support vein health and circulation. Finding the Right Treatment A Doppler ultrasound is the first step to evaluating vein function and determining the most suitable treatment. Minimally invasive procedures are the preferred option for most patients, offering quick recovery and effective results.

Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA), also known as Endovenous Laser Treatment (EVLT), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat varicose veins caused by venous insufficiency. This advanced technique involves inserting a thin laser fiber into the affected vein through a small incision. The laser emits controlled heat, causing the vein walls to collapse and seal shut. Over time, the closed vein is naturally absorbed by the body, and blood flow is redirected to healthier veins. EVLA/EVLT is highly effective, requires no general anesthesia, and offers a quick recovery with minimal discomfort, making it a preferred alternative to traditional vein surgery. However, general anaesthesia is available if you prefer, ensuring complete comfort during the procedure.

Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA), also known as Endovenous Radiofrequency Treatment (EVRFA), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat varicose veins caused by venous insufficiency. This advanced technique involves inserting a thin catheter into the affected vein through a small incision. The catheter delivers radiofrequency energy, generating controlled heat that causes the vein walls to collapse, seal shut, and eventually be reabsorbed by the body. Blood flow is naturally redirected to healthier veins, relieving symptoms such as leg pain, swelling, and heaviness. RFA is highly effective, requires no general anaesthesia, and offers a quick recovery with minimal discomfort, making it a preferred alternative to traditional vein surgery. However, general anaesthesia is available if you prefer, ensuring complete comfort during the procedure.

ClariVein® or mechanico-chemical ablation is a minimally invasive treatment for varicose veins caused by venous insufficiency. It uses a unique technique that combines mechanical and chemical methods to close faulty veins. A thin catheter with a rotating tip is inserted into the affected vein through a small puncture. The rotating tip irritates the vein’s inner lining while simultaneously delivering a sclerosant solution that causes the vein to collapse and seal shut. Over time, the treated vein is absorbed by the body, and blood flow is naturally redirected to healthy veins. ClariVein® is highly effective, causes minimal discomfort, and typically doesn’t require local anaesthesia around the vein.

Sclerotherapy is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat varicose veins and spider veins. It involves injecting a special solution, called a sclerosant, directly into the affected vein. This solution irritates the vein’s inner lining, causing it to collapse, seal shut, and eventually be absorbed by the body. Blood is naturally redirected to healthier veins. There are two main types of sclerotherapy: ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for larger, deeper veins and microsclerotherapy for smaller surface veins like spider veins. Both techniques are safe, effective, and require no surgery or downtime.

Micro-Phlebectomy, also known as ambulatory phlebectomy, is a minimally invasive procedure used to remove bulging varicose veins that are close to the surface of the skin. This technique involves making a series of tiny punctures or micro-incisions through which the affected veins are gently extracted using a special hook-like instrument. The incisions are so small that stitches are usually not needed, and they heal with minimal scarring. Mini phlebectomy is often performed in combination with other vein treatments like Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) or Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) to achieve the best results. Depending on the size of the varicose veins and patient preference, the procedure can be done under either local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia.

TRLOP (Transluminal Occlusion of Perforator Veins) is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat incompetent perforator veins introduced by Prof. Whitely in London. Perforator veins are faulty veins that allow abnormal blood flow between the deep and superficial venous systems. This abnormal flow can contribute to the development of varicose veins, leg swelling, skin changes, and even venous ulcers. The procedure involves inserting a thin radiofrequency (RF) or laser catheter directly into the perforator vein under ultrasound guidance. The RF energy generates controlled heat, causing the vein to collapse and seal shut, redirecting blood flow to healthier veins. Depending on the size of the perforator veins and patient preference, TRLOP can be performed under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia for maximum comfort.

There are several treatment options available for varicose veins, including laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation, phlebectomy, sclerotherapy open surgery (vein stripping), Clarivein®, and medical-grade glue treatments. The choice of treatment depends on the surgeon's expertise and various factors, such as whether the vein is primary or recurrent, whether it is a truncal or tributary vein, vein anatomy, tortuosity, recurrence, proximity to skin, nerves, and bone, as well as the patient's symptoms and vein size. At Dr. Soroush Sohrabi's clinics, treatment decisions are based on the best available evidence regarding varicose vein treatments, ensuring that patients receive the most effective and scientifically supported options. Each treatment plan is carefully tailored to the patient's specific condition and personal needs to achieve the best possible results. For further advice or to discuss the most suitable treatment for you, please contact us.

​The necessity of taking time off after varicose vein treatment depends on the specific procedure performed and individual recovery factors. Here's an overview:​ 1. Minimally invasive procedures such as EVLA/EVLT, RFA, Clarivein, Sclerotherapy, phlebectomy: Patients can usually return to their normal activities soon after treatment. However, to ensure proper healing, it is recommended to avoid high-impact exercises like running or heavy lifting for the first two weeks. For further information, please visit the treatment page. 2. Vein Ligation and stripping: This more invasive surgery may require a few days of recovery at home. The length of recovery varies based on the number of veins treated and individual healing progress. General recommendations: Physical activity: Light activities, such as walking, are recommended shortly after most treatments to promote circulation. However, more intense exercises should be avoided until your healthcare provider advises that it is safe to resume them. Work: The timing of returning to work depends on both the type of treatment and the demands of your job. Individuals with desk-based roles can often resume work sooner, whereas those in physically demanding jobs may need a longer recovery period. It's essential to consult with your healthcare provider for personalised advice, as recovery experiences can vary based on individual circumstances and the specifics of the treatment performed. Please contact us for further advice.

Sclerotherapy is a highly effective treatment for spider veins, with most patients seeing visible improvement within weeks to months. While many achieve results after a single session, some may need multiple treatments for the best outcome. Treated veins typically do not return, but new spider veins can develop over time. If needed, additional treatments can help maintain results. Overall, sclerotherapy is a proven and reliable option for improving the appearance of spider veins.

EVLA / EVLT has demonstrated high success rates in treating varicose veins and venous insufficiency. Studies have reported success rates ranging from 92% to 98%. Reference: European Journal of vascular and endovascular Surgery

Studies have shown that Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) achieves a success rate of 90-100% in treating varicose veins and venous insufficiency. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39264598/

Mechanico chemical ablation with Clarivein® - Systematic review and meta-analysis reports a 12-month anatomical success rate of 93.2%, indicating sustained vein closure in the majority of cases. https://www.jvsvenous.org/article/S2213-333X(21)00524-2/fulltext

Prior to sclerotherapy, do not discontinue any medication without first consulting your doctor. Avoid anti-inflammatory medications like ibuprofen or aspirin 48 hours before and after sclerotherapy, as they may interfere with the effectiveness of the treatment and increase the risk of bleeding. If you are taking antibiotics such as tetracycline or Minocin, consult your doctor, as these medications may lead to skin staining. Please let your doctor know if you are taking any other antibiotics. Inform your doctor if you are taking steroids like prednisone, as they may affect the treatment outcome. You may have to stop them 48 hours before your sclerotherapy.

Sclerotherapy is a safe and widely used treatment, but like any procedure, there are some potential side effects to be aware of. Most are mild and temporary, but it’s always good to know what to expect. Common side effects which are usually temporary: Bruising – Some mild bruising at the injection site, which fades within a few weeks. Redness or Swelling – A little irritation in the treated area, usually disappearing quickly. Skin Discolouration – A temporary brownish tint in some areas, which usually fades over time. In approximately 5% of patients, staining could be permanent. Mild Itching or Tenderness – Some people experience slight discomfort, but it typically resolves within a few days. Less common side effects: Tiny New Blood Vessels (Matting) – Occasionally, small red veins appear around the treated area, but they usually fade on their own. Some may require further treatment. some thread veins and matting could be resistant to treatment. Mild Clotting or Inflammation (Thrombophlebitis) – A small clot in the treated vein, which is not dangerous and typically resolves with time. Some may require further treatment. Allergic Reactions – Rare, but some people may be sensitive to the medication. Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – Rare but serious, requiring medical attention if swelling or pain occurs. Skin Damage (Ulcers or Necrosis) – Uncommon but can happen if the medication accidentally enters surrounding tissues. Temporary Vision Changes or Migraines – Very rare and usually short-lived. How to avoid risks Follow Your Doctor’s Advice Wear Compression Stockings if you are advised - These help speed up healing and improve results. Stay Active – Light walking after the procedure can help prevent any complications.

Endovenous ablation techniques, including laser ablation (EVLA/EVLT), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and ClariVein®, are minimally invasive and generally safe. However, as with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and side effects. Common side effects Bruising and Swelling – Typically resolves within a few days to few weeks. Mild Discomfort or Tenderness – Soreness and ache along the treated vein, which can be managed with over-the-counter pain relief. Skin Redness or Sensitivity – Temporary irritation at the treatment site. Hardening or Lump Formation – The treated vein may feel firm or tender before it fully dissolves, usually improving over time. Less common side effects Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) – Although rare, a blood clot may form in deeper veins, requiring medical attention. Nerve Injury – Rare, In Laser and RFA treatments, the heat generated by the device may occasionally affect a nearby nerve, leading to temporary numbness or tingling. In rare cases, this sensation could be permanent. Skin Burns – Rare, In Laser and RFA treatments, the heat generated by the device may cause superficial burns and skin discolouration. Allergic Reactions to Sclerosant - Rare but possible with the injected medication.

Compression stockings are widely used for managing venous disease and leg swelling, helping to improve circulation and reduce discomfort. Common side effects: Skin Irritation or Itching – Mild itching or irritation, especially in hot weather. Discomfort or Tightness – If the stockings are too tight, they may cause discomfort, pinching, or difficulty putting them on. Less Common side effects: Allergic reactions Restricting blood flow (serious) - Compression stockings are not suitable for patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) unless carefully assessed. They should only be worn with caution and under medical supervision after evaluating arterial flow and circulation, as they may further restrict blood supply to the legs. If you have been diagnosed with PAD, have a history of diabetes, or are a smoker, it is important to consult your doctor before using compression therapy. Dr Soroush Sohrabi, an experienced UK-trained vascular and endovascular surgeon in Dubai, specialises in arterial disease and can assess your vascular health, diagnose peripheral arterial disease, and provide expert guidance on whether compression therapy is suitable for you.